Classical Abbreviations for Authors and Their Works

There are certain standard abbreviations used in connection with the authors and their works in Classics. While I generally spell out the names and works of ancient authors, it is not always possible. Besides, youll find the abbreviations elsewhere. The following is a list of the ancient, non-Biblical writers and their works that you are likely to encounter during your study of Classics. Ill elaborate the first sets of abbreviations and a few throughout the list that might be puzzling. Aesch. Ag.: Aeschylus, AgamemnonThe author comes first; his work comes next, so this abbreviation means Aeschylus, a tragic playwright, wrote a tragedy called Agamemnon.Aesch. Eum.: Aeschylus, EumenidesAesch. Lib.: Aeschylus, Libation BearersAesch. PB: Aeschylus, Prometheus BoundAesch. Pers.: Aeschylus, PersiansAesch. Seven: Aeschylus, Seven Against ThebesAesch. Supp.: Aeschylus, Suppliant MaidensAeschin. 1: Aeschines, Against TimarchusAeschin. 2: Aeschines, On the EmbassyAeschin. 3: Aeschines, Against CtesiphonAmm.: Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum GestarumAndoc. 1: Andocides, On the MysteriesAndoc. 2: Andocides, On his ReturnAndoc. 3: Andocides, On the PeaceAndoc. 4: Andocides, Against AlcibiadesAntiph. 1: Antiphon, Against the Stepmother for PoisoningAntiph. 2: Antiphon, First TetralogyAntiph. 3: Antiphon, Second TetralogyAntiph. 4: Antiphon, Third TetralogyAntiph. 5: Antiphon, On the murder of HerodesAntiph. 6: Antiphon, On the ChoreutesApollod.: Pseudo-Apollodorus, LibraryApollod. Ep it.: Pseudo-Apollodorus, EpitomeApollon.: Apollonius Rhodius, ArgonauticaNothing besides the Argonautica is attributed to Apollonius.App. BC: Appian, Civil WarsBC stands for bellum civile which means civil war.App. Gall.: Appian, Gallic HistoryApp. Hann.: Appian, Hannibalic WarApp. Hisp.: Appian, Wars in SpainApp. Ill.: Appian, Illyrian WarsApp. Ital.: Appian, ItalyApp. Mac.: Appian, Macedonian AffairsApp. Mith.: Appian, Mithridatic WarsApp. Praef.: Appian, PrefacePraef. is short for Praefatio which means preface.App. Pun.: Appian, Punic WarsApp. Reg.: Appian, KingsApp. Sam.: Appian, Samnite HistoryApp. Sic.: Appian, Sicily and the Other IslandsApp. Syr.: Appian, Syrian WarsAret. CA: Aretaeus, De curatione acutorum morborum libri duoAret. CD: Aretaeus, De curatione diuturnorum morborum libri duoAret. SA: Aretaeus, De causis et signis acutorum morborum (lib. 1)Aret. SD: Aretaeus, De causis et signis acutorum morborum (lib. 2)Aristoph. Ach.: Aristophanes, AcharniansAristoph. Birds: Ar istophanes, BirdsAristoph. Cl.: Aristophanes, CloudsAristoph. Eccl.: Aristophanes, EcclesiazusaeAristoph. Frogs: Aristophanes, FrogsAristoph. Kn.: Aristophanes, KnightsAristoph. Lys.: Aristophanes, LysistrataAristoph. Peace: Aristophanes, PeaceAristoph. Pl.: Aristophanes, PlutusAristoph. Thes.: Aristophanes, ThesmophoriazusaeAristoph. Wasps: Aristophanes, WaspsAristot. Ath. Pol.: Aristotle, Constitution of the AtheniansAristot. Const. Ath.: Aristotle, Constitution of the AtheniansAristot. Econ.: Aristotle, EconomicsAristot. Eud. Eth.: Aristotle, Eudemian EthicsAristot. Met.: Aristotle, MetaphysicsAristot. Nic. Eth.: Aristotle, Nicomachean EthicsAristot. Poet.: Aristotle, PoeticsAristot. Pol.: Aristotle, PoliticsAristot. Rh.: Aristotle, RhetoricAristot. Vir.: Aristotle, Virtues and VicesAug. Anc.: Augustus, Res GestaeThe name of the work by Augustus is given as both Monumentum Ancyranum and Res Gestae Divi Augusti.Aug. RG: Augustus, Res GestaeBacchyl. Dith.: Bacchylides, DithyrambsBa cchyl. Ep.: Bacchylides, EpiniciansBoe. Cons.: Boethius, Consolation of PhilosophyCaes. Civ.: Caesar, Civil WarCaes. Gal.: Caesar, Gallic WarCall. Ap.: Callimachus, Hymn to ApolloCall. Cer.: Callimachus, Hymn to DemeterCall. Del.: Callimachus, Hymn to DelosCall. Dem.: Callimachus, Hymn to DemeterCall. Dian.: Callimachus, Hymn to ArtemisCall. Epigr.: Callimachus, EpigramsCall. H. 1: Callimachus, Hymn to ZeusCall. H. 2: Callimachus, Hymn to ApolloCall. H. 3: Callimachus, Hymn to ArtemisCall. H. 4: Callimachus, Hymn to DelosCall. H. 5: Callimachus, Hymn to AthenaCall. H. 6: Callimachus, Hymn to DemeterCall. Jov.: Callimachus, Hymn to ZeusCall. Lav.: Callimachus, Hymn to AthenaCatul.: Catullus, PoemsCels.: A. Cornelius Celsus, De MedicinaCic. Ac.: Cicero, AcademicaCic. Agr.: Cicero, On the Agrarian LawCic. Amic.: Cicero, De AmicitiaCic. Arch.: Cicero, For ArchiasCic. Att.: Cicero, Letters to AtticusCic. Balb.: Cicero, For Cornelius BalbusCic. Caec.: Cicero, For Aulus CaecinaCic. Cael.: Cicero, For Marcus CaeliusCic. Catil.: Cicero, Against CatilineCic. Clu.: Cicero, For Aulus CluentiusCic. Deiot.: Cicero, For King DeiotariusCic. Div.: Cicero, De DivinationeCic. Div. Caec.: Cicero, Divinatio against Q. CaeciliusCic. Dom.: Cicero, On his HouseCic. Fam.: Cicero, Letters to his FriendsCic. Fat.: Cicero, De FatoCic. Fin.: Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et MalorumCic. Flac.: Cicero, For FlaccusCic. Font.: Cicero, For Marcus FonteiusCic. Har.: Cicero, On the Responses of the HaruspicesCic. Leg.: Cicero, De LegibusCic. Lig.: Cicero, For LigariusCic. Luc.: Cicero, LucullusCic. Man.: Cicero, On Pompeys CommandCic. Marc.: Cicero, For MarcellusCic. Mil.: Cicero, For MiloCic. Mur.: Cicero, For Lucius MurenaCic. N.D.: Cicero, de Natura DeorumCic. Off.: Cicero, De OfficiisCic. Parad.: Cicero, Paradoxa StoicorumCic. Phil.: Cicero, PhilippicsCic. Pis.: Cicero, Against PisoCic. Planc.: Cicero, For PlanciusCic. Prov.: Cicero, On the Consular ProvincesCic. Q. Rosc.: Cicero, For Quintus R oscius the ActorCic. Q. fr.: Cicero, Letters to his brother QuintusCic. Quinct.: Cicero, For Publius QuinctiusCic. Rab. Perd.: Cicero, For Rabirius on a Charge of TreasonCic. Rab. Post.: Cicero, For Rabirius PostumusCic. Red. Pop.: Cicero, To the Citizens after his ReturnCic. Red. Sen.: Cicero, In the Senate after his ReturnCic. Rep.: Cicero, De RepublicaCic. S. Rosc.: Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of AmeriaCic. Scaur.: Cicero, For Aemilius ScaurusCic. Sen.: Cicero, De SenectuteCic. Sest.: Cicero, For SestiusCic. Sul.: Cicero, For SullaCic. Tul.: Cicero, For Marcus TulliusCic. Tusc.: Cicero, Tusculanae DisputationesCic. Vat.: Cicero, Against VatiniusCic. Ver.: Cicero, Against VerresCic. ad Brut.: Cicero, Letters to BrutusCic. de Orat.: Cicero, On OratoryD. L.: Diogenes Laertius, Vitae philosophorumDem. 1: Demosthenes, Olynthiac 1Dem. 10: Demosthenes, Philippic 4Dem. 11: Demosthenes, Reply to PhilipDem. 12: Demosthenes, PhilipDem. 13: Demosthenes, On OrganizationDem. 14: Demosthenes, On the NavyDem. 15: Demosthenes, On the Liberty of the RhodiansDem. 16: Demosthenes, For the MegalopolitansDem. 17: Demosthenes, On the Accession of AlexanderDem. 18: Demosthenes, On the CrownDem. 19: Demosthenes, On the False EmbassyDem. 2: Demosthenes, Olynthiac 2Dem. 20: Demosthenes, Against LeptinesDem. 21: Demosthenes, Against MidiasDem. 22: Demosthenes, Against AndrotionDem. 23: Demosthenes, Against AristocratesDem. 24: Demosthenes, Against TimocratesDem. 25: Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1Dem. 26: Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 2Dem. 27: Demosthenes, Against Aphobus 1Dem. 28: Demosthenes, Against Aphobus 2Dem. 29: Demosthenes, Against AphobusDem. 3: Demosthenes, Olynthiac 3Dem. 30: Demosthenes, Against OntenorDem. 31: Demosthenes, Against OntenorDem. 32: Demosthenes, Against ZenothemisDem. 33: Demosthenes, Against ApatouriusDem. 34: Demosthenes, Against PhormioDem. 35: Demosthenes, Against LacritusDem. 36: Demosthenes, For PhormioDem. 37: Demosthenes, Against PantaenetusDe m. 38: Demosthenes, Against Nausimachus and XenopeithesDem. 39: Demosthenes, Against Boeotus 1Dem. 4: Demosthenes, Philippic 1Dem. 40: Demosthenes, Against Boeotus 2Dem. 41: Demosthenes, Against SpudiasDem. 42: Demosthenes, Against PhaenippusDem. 43: Demosthenes, Against MacartatusDem. 44: Demosthenes, Against LeocharesDem. 45: Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1Dem. 46: Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 2Dem. 47: Demosthenes, Against Evergus and MnesibulusDem. 48: Demosthenes, Against OlympiodorusDem. 49: Demosthenes, Against TimotheusDem. 5: Demosthenes, On the PeaceDem. 50: Demosthenes, Against PolyclesDem. 51: Demosthenes, On the Trierarchic CrownDem. 52: Demosthenes, Against CallippusDem. 53: Demosthenes, Against NicostratusDem. 54: Demosthenes, Against CononDem. 55: Demosthenes, Against CalliclesDem. 56: Demosthenes, Against DionysodorusDem. 57: Demosthenes, Against EubulidesDem. 58: Demosthenes, Against TheocrinesDem. 59: Demosthenes, Against NeaeraDem. 6: Demosthenes, Philippic 2D em. 60: Demosthenes, Funeral SpeechDem. 61: Demosthenes, Erotic EssayDem. 7: Demosthenes, On the HalonnesusDem. 8: Demosthenes, On the ChersoneseDem. 9: Demosthenes, Philippic 3Dem. Ex.: Demosthenes, ExordiaDem. L.: Demosthenes, LettersDemad. 1: Demades, On the Twelve YearsDin. 1: Dinarchus, Against DemosthenesDin. 2: Dinarchus, Against AristogitonDin. 3: Dinarchus, Against PhiloclesDiod.: Diodorus, Historical LibraryEuc.: Euclid, ElementsEur. Alc.: Euripides, AlcestisEur. Andr.: Euripides, AndromacheEur. Ba.: Euripides, BacchaeEur. Cycl.: Euripides, CyclopsEur. El.: Euripides, ElectraEur. Hec.: Euripides, HecubaEur. Hel.: Euripides, HelenEur. Her.: Euripides, HeraclesEur. Heraclid.: Euripides, HeraclidaeEur. Hipp.: Euripides, HippolytusEur. IA: Euripides, Iphigeneia in AulisEur. IT: Euripides, Iphigeneia in TaurusEur. Ion: Euripides, IonEur. Med.: Euripides, MedeaEur. Orest.: Euripides, OrestesEur. Phoen.: Euripides, Phoenician WomenEur. Rh.: Euripides, RhesusEur. Supp.: Euripides, SuppliantsEur. Tro.: Euripides, Trojan WomenGal. Nat. Fac.: Galen, De naturalibus facultatibusGel.: Gellius, Noctes AtticaeHH 1: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 1 to DionysusHH 10: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 10 to AphroditeHH 11: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 11 to AthenaHH 12: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 12 to HeraHH 13: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 13 to DemeterHH 14: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 14 to the Mother of the GodsHH 15: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 15 to HeraclesHH 16: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 16 to AsclepiusHH 17: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 17 to the DioscuriHH 18: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 18 to HermesHH 19: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 19 to PanHH 2: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 2 to DemeterHH 20: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 20 to HephaestusHH 21: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 21 to ApolloHH 22: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 22 to PoseidonHH 23: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 23 to ZeusHH 24: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 24 to HestiaHH 25: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 25 to the Muses and ApolloHH 26: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 26 to DionysusHH 27: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 27 to ArtemisHH 28: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 28 to AthenaHH 29: H omeric Hymns, Hymn 29 to HestiaHH 3: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 3 to ApolloHH 30: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 30 to EarthHH 31: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 31 to HeliosHH 32: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 32 to SeleneHH 33: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 33 to the DioscuriHH 4: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 4 to HermesHH 5: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 5 to AphroditeHH 6: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 6 to AphroditeHH 7: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 7 to DionysusHH 8: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 8 to AresHH 9: Homeric Hymns, Hymn 9 to ArtemisHdt.: Herodotus, HistoriesHes. Sh.: Hesiod, Shield of HeraclesHes. Th.: Hesiod, TheogonyHes. WD: Hesiod, Works and DaysHirt. Gal.: Caesar, Gallic WarHom. Il.: Homer, IliadHom. Od.: Homer, OdysseyHor. Ars: Horace, Ars PoeticaHor. Carm.: Horace, OdesHor. S.: Horace, SatiresHp. Acut.: Hippocrates, De diaeta in morbis acutisHp. Acut. Sp.: Hippocrates, De diaeta acutorumHp. Aer.: Hippocrates, De aere aquis et locisHp. Alim.: Hippocrates, De alimentoHp. Aph.: Hippocrates, AphorismiHp. Art.: Hippocrates, De articulisHp. Epid.: Hippocrates, De morbis popularibusHp. Fist.: Hippocrates, De fistulisHp. Fract.: Hippocrates, De fracturisHp. Haem.: Hippocrates, De haemorrhoidibusHp. Jusj.: Hippocrates, JusjurandumHp. Lex: Hippocrates, LexHp. Mochl.: Hippocrates, VectiariusHp. Morb. Sacr.: Hippocrates, De morbo sacroHp. Off.: Hippocrates, De officina mediciHp. Praec.: Hippocrates, PraeceptionesHp. Prog.: Hippocrates, PrognosticonHp. Ulc.: Hippocrates, De ulceribusHp. VC: Hippocrates, De capitis vulneribusHp. VM: Hippocrates, De prisca medicinaHyp. 1: Hyperides, In Defence of LycophronHyp. 2: Hyperides, Against PhilippidesHyp. 3: Hyperides, Against AthenogenesHyp. 4: Hyperides, In Defence of EuxenippusHyp. 5: Hyperides, Against DemosthenesHyp. 6: Hyperides, Funeral OrationIsaeus 1: Isaeus, CleonymusIsaeus 10: Isaeus, AristarchusIsaeus 11: Isaeus, HagniasIsaeus 12: Isaeus, EuphiletusIsaeus 2: Isaeus, MeneclesIsaeus 3: Isaeus, PyrrhusIsaeus 4: Isaeus, NicostratusIsaeus 5: Isaeus, DicaeogenesIsaeus 6: Isaeus, PhiloctemonIsaeus 7: Isaeus, ApollodorusIsaeus 8: Isaeus, CironIsaeus 9: Isaeus, AstyphilusIsoc. 1: Isocrates, To DemonicusIsoc. 10: Isocrates, HelenIsoc. 11: Isocrates, BusirisIsoc. 12: Isocrates, PanathenaicusIsoc. 13: Isocrates, Against the SophistsIsoc. 14: Isocrates, PlataicusIsoc. 15: Isocrates, AntidosisIsoc. 16: Isocrates, On the team of horsesIsoc. 17: Isocrates, TrapeziticusIsoc. 18: Isocrates, Against CallimachusIsoc. 19: Isocrates, AegineticusIsoc. 2: Isocrates, To NicoclesIsoc. 20: Isocrates, Against LochitesIsoc. 21: Isocrates, Against EuthynusIsoc. 3: Isocrates, Nicocles or the CypriansIsoc. 4: Isocrates, PanegyricusIsoc. 5: Isocrates, To PhilipIsoc. 6: Isocrates, ArchidamusIsoc. 7: Isocrates, AreopagiticusIsoc. 8: Isocrates, On the PeaceIsoc. 9: Isocrates, EvagorasIsoc. L. 1: Isocrates, Ad DionysiumIsoc. L. 2: Isocrates, Ad PhilippumIsoc. L. 3: Isocrates, Ad PhilippumIsoc. L. 4: Isocrates, Ad AntipatrumIsoc. L. 5: Isocrates, Ad AlexandrumIsoc. L. 6: Isocrates, Ad filios JasonisIsoc. L. 7: Isocrates, Ad TimotheumIsoc. L. 8: Isocrates, Ad reges MytilenaeosIsoc. L. 9: Isocrates, Ad ArchidamumJ. AJ: Flavius Josephus, Jewish AntiquitiesJ. Ap.: Flavius Josephus, Against ApionJ. BJ: Flavius Josephus, The Jewish WarJ. Vit.: Flavius Josephus, Life of JosephusLSJ: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English LexiconLiv. 1: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1Liv. 10: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 10Liv. 11: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 11, SummaryLiv. 12: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 12, SummaryLiv. 13: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 13, SummaryLiv. 14: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 14, SummaryLiv. 15: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 15, SummaryLiv. 16: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 16, SummaryLiv. 17: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 17, SummaryLiv. 18: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 18, SummaryLiv. 19: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 19, SummaryLiv. 2: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2Liv. 20: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 20, SummaryLiv. 21: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21Liv. 22: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22Liv. 23: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23Liv. 24: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24Liv. 25: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25Liv. 26: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26Liv. 27: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27Liv. 28: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 28Liv. 29: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 29Liv. 3: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3Liv. 30: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30Liv. 31: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 31Liv. 32: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 32Liv. 33: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 33Liv. 34: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34Liv. 35: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 35Liv. 36: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 36Liv. 37: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 37Liv. 38: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 38Liv. 39: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39Liv. 4: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4Liv. 40: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40Liv. 41: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 41Liv. 42: Livy, The History of R ome, Book 42Liv. 43: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 43Liv. 44: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 44Liv. 45: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 45Liv. 5: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5Liv. 6: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6Liv. 7: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7Liv. 8: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 8Liv. 9: Livy, The History of Rome, Book 9Liv. Frag.: Livy, The History of Rome, FragmentsLuc.: Lucan, Civil WarLucr.: Lucretius, De Rerum NaturaLyc. 1: Lycurgus, Against LeocratesLys. 1: Lysias, On the Murder of EratosthenesLys. 10: Lysias, Against Theomnestus 1Lys. 11: Lysias, Against Theomnestus 2Lys. 12: Lysias, Against EratosthenesLys. 13: Lysias, Against AgoratusLys. 14: Lysias, Against Alcibiades 1Lys. 15: Lysias, Against Alcibiades 2Lys. 16: Lysias, For MantitheusLys. 17: Lysias, On the Property of EratonLys. 18: Lysias, On the Confiscation of the Property of the Brother of NiciasLys. 19: Lysias, On the Property of AristophanesLys. 2: Lysias, Funeral OrationLys. 20: Lysias, Fo r PolystratusLys. 21: Lysias, Defence against a Charge of Taking BribesLys. 22: Lysias, Against the Corn DealersLys. 23: Lysias, Against PancleonLys. 24: Lysias, On the Refusal of a PensionLys. 25: Lysias, Defence against a Charge of subverting the DemocracyLys. 26: Lysias, On the Scrutiny of EvandrosLys. 27: Lysias, Against Epicrates and his Fellow EnvoysLys. 28: Lysias, Against ErgoclesLys. 29: Lysias, Against PhilocratesLys. 3: Lysias, Against SimonLys. 30: Lysias, Against NicomachusLys. 31: Lysias, Against PhilonLys. 32: Lysias, Against DiogeitonLys. 33: Lysias, Olympic OrationLys. 34: Lysias, Against the Subversion of the Ancestral Constitution of AthensLys. 4: Lysias, On a Wound by PremeditationLys. 5: Lysias, For CalliasLys. 6: Lysias, Against AndocidesLys. 7: Lysias, On the Olive StumpLys. 8: Lysias, Accusation of CalumnyLys. 9: Lysias, For the SoldierNep. Ag.: Cornelius Nepos, AgesilausNep. Alc.: Cornelius Nepos, AlcibiadesNep. Ar.: Cornelius Nepos, AristidesNep. Att.: Corn elius Nepos, AtticusNep. Ca.: Cornelius Nepos, CatoNep. Cha.: Cornelius Nepos, ChabriasNep. Cim.: Cornelius Nepos, CimonNep. Con.: Cornelius Nepos, CononNep. Dat.: Cornelius Nepos, DatamesNep. Di.: Cornelius Nepos, DionNep. Ep.: Cornelius Nepos, EpaminondasNep. Eum.: Cornelius Nepos, EumenesNep. Ham.: Cornelius Nepos, HamilcarNep. Han.: Cornelius Nepos, HannibalNep. Iph.: Cornelius Nepos, IphicratesNep. Lys.: Cornelius Nepos, LysanderNep. Milt.: Cornelius Nepos, MiltiadesNep. Paus.: Cornelius Nepos, PausaniasNep. Pel.: Cornelius Nepos, PelopidasNep. Phoc.: Cornelius Nepos, PhocionNep. Reg.: Cornelius Nepos, KingsNep. Them.: Cornelius Nepos, ThemistoclesNep. Thr.: Cornelius Nepos, ThrasybulusNep. Timol.: Cornelius Nepos, TimoleonNep. Timoth.: Cornelius Nepos, TimotheusOv. Am.: Ovid, AmoresOv. Ars: Ovid, Ars AmatoriaOv. Ep.: Ovid, EpistulaeOv. Ep. Sapph.: Ovid, EpistulaeOv. Med.: Ovid, Medicamina Faciei FemineaeOv. Met.: Ovid, MetamorphosesOv. Rem.: Ovid, Remedia AmorisPaus.: Pausania s, Description of GreecePetr.: Petronius, SatyriconPetr. Fr.: Petronius, FragmentsPetr. Poems: Petronius, PoemsPhaed.: Phaedrus, FablesPind. I.: Pindar, IsthmeanPind. N.: Pindar, NemeanPind. O.: Pindar, OlympianPind. P.: Pindar, PythianPl. Am.: Plautus, AmphitruoPl. As.: Plautus, AsinariaPl. Aul.: Plautus, AululariaPl. Bac.: Plautus, BacchidesPl. Capt.: Plautus, CaptiviPl. Cas.: Plautus, CasinaPl. Cist.: Plautus, CistellariaPl. Cur.: Plautus, CurculioPl. Epid.: Plautus, EpidicusPl. Men.: Plautus, MenaechmiPl. Mer.: Plautus, MercatorPl. Mil.: Plautus, Miles GloriosusPl. Mos.: Plautus, MostellariaPl. Per.: Plautus, PersaPl. Poen.: Plautus, PoenulusPl. Ps.: Plautus, PseudolusPl. Rud.: Plautus, RudensPl. St.: Plautus, StichusPl. Trin.: Plautus, TrinummusPl. Truc.: Plautus, TruculentusPl. Vid.: Plautus, VidulariaPlat. Alc. 1: Plato, Alcibiades 1Plat. Alc. 2: Plato, Alcibiades 2Plat. Apol.: Plato, ApologyPlat. Charm.: Plato, CharmidesPlat. Cleit.: Plato, CleitophonPlat. Crat.: Plato, Crat ylusPlat. Criti.: Plato, CritiasPlat. Crito: Plato, CritoPlat. Epin.: Plato, EpinomisPlat. Euthyd.: Plato, EuthydemusPlat. Euthyph.: Plato, EuthyphroPlat. Gorg.: Plato, GorgiasPlat. Hipp. Maj.: Plato, Greater HippiasPlat. Hipp. Min.: Plato, Lesser HippiasPlat. Hipparch.: Plato, HipparchusPlat. Ion: Plato, IonPlat. L.: Plato, LettersPlat. Lach.: Plato, LachesPlat. Laws: Plato, LawsPlat. Lovers: Plato, LoversPlat. Lysis: Plato, LysisPlat. Menex.: Plato, MenexenusPlat. Meno: Plato, MenoPlat. Minos: Plato, MinosPlat. Parm.: Plato, ParmenidesPlat. Phaedo: Plato, PhaedoPlat. Phaedrus: Plato, PhaedrusPlat. Phileb.: Plato, PhilebusPlat. Prot.: Plato, ProtagorasPlat. Rep.: Plato, RepublicPlat. Soph.: Plato, SophistPlat. Stat.: Plato, StatesmanPlat. Sym.: Plato, SymposiumPlat. Theaet.: Plato, TheaetetusPlat. Theag.: Plato, TheagesPlat. Tim.: Plato, TimaeusPlb.: Polybius, HistoriesPlin. Ep.: Pliny the Younger, EpistulaePlin. Nat.: Pliny the Elder, Naturalis HistoriaPlut. Aem.: Plutarch, Aemili us PaullusPlut. Ages.: Plutarch, AgesilausPlut. Agis: Plutarch, AgisPlut. Alc.: Plutarch, AlcibiadesPlut. Alex.: Plutarch, AlexanderPlut. Ant.: Plutarch, AntoniusPlut. Arat.: Plutarch, AratusPlut. Arist.: Plutarch, AristeidesPlut. Art.: Plutarch, ArtaxerxesPlut. Brut.: Plutarch, BrutusPlut. CG: Plutarch, Gaius GracchusPlut. Caes.: Plutarch, CaesarPlut. Cam.: Plutarch, CamillusPlut. Cat. Ma.: Plutarch, Marcus CatoPlut. Cat. Mi.: Plutarch, Cato MinorPlut. Cic.: Plutarch, CiceroPlut. Cim.: Plutarch, CimonPlut. Cleom.: Plutarch, CleomenesPlut. Comp. Ag. Gracch.: Plutarch, Comparison of Agis and Cleomenes and the GracchiPlut. Comp. Ages. Pomp.: Plutarch, Comparison of Agesilaus and PompeyPlut. Comp. Alc. Cor.: Plutarch, Comparison of Alcibiades and CoriolanusPlut. Comp. Aristid. Cat.: Plutarch, Comparison of Aristides with Marcus CatoPlut. Comp. Cim. Luc.: Plutarch, Comparison of Lucullus and CimonPlut. Comp. Dem. Cic.: Plutarch, Comparison of Demosthenes with CiceroPlut. Comp. Demetr. A nt.: Plutarch, Comparison of Demetrius and AntonyPlut. Comp. Dion. Brut.: Plutarch, Comparison of Dion and BrutusPlut. Comp. Eum. Sert.: Plutarch, Comparison of Sertorius and EumenesPlut. Comp. Lyc. Num.: Plutarch, Comparison of Lycurgus and NumaPlut. Comp. Lys. Sull.: Plutarch, Comparison of Lysander and SullaPlut. Comp. Nic. Crass.: Plutarch, Comparison of Nicias and CrassusPlut. Comp. Pel. Marc.: Plutarch, Comparison of Pelopidas and MarcellusPlut. Comp. Per. Fab.: Plutarch, Comparison of Pericles and Fabius MaximusPlut. Comp. Phil. Flam.: Plutarch, Comparison of Philopoemen and TitusPlut. Comp. Sol. Publ.: Plutarch, Comparison of Solon and PublicolaPlut. Comp. Thes. Rom.: Plutarch, Comparison of Theseus and RomulusPlut. Comp. Tim. Aem. : Plutarch, Comparison of Timoleon and AemiliusPlut. Cor.: Plutarch, Caius Marcius CoriolanusPlut. Crass.: Plutarch, CrassusPlut. Dem.: Plutarch, DemosthenesPlut. Demetr.: Plutarch, DemetriusPlut. Dio: Plutarch, DionPlut. Eum.: Plutarch, EumenesPl ut. Fab.: Plutarch, Fabius MaximusPlut. Flam.: Plutarch, Titus FlamininusPlut. Galb.: Plutarch, GalbaPlut. Luc.: Plutarch, LucullusPlut. Lyc.: Plutarch, LycurgusPlut. Lys.: Plutarch, LysanderPlut. Mar.: Plutarch, Caius MariusPlut. Marc.: Plutarch, MarcellusPlut. Nic.: Plutarch, NiciasPlut. Num.: Plutarch, NumaPlut. Oth.: Plutarch, OthoPlut. Pel.: Plutarch, PelopidasPlut. Per.: Plutarch, PericlesPlut. Phil.: Plutarch, PhilopoemenPlut. Phoc.: Plutarch, PhocionPlut. Pomp.: Plutarch, PompeyPlut. Publ.: Plutarch, PublicolaPlut. Pyrrh.: Plutarch, PyrrhusPlut. Rom.: Plutarch, RomulusPlut. Sert.: Plutarch, SertoriusPlut. Sol.: Plutarch, SolonPlut. Sull.: Plutarch, SullaPlut. TG: Plutarch, Tiberius GracchusPlut. Them.: Plutarch, ThemistoclesPlut. Thes.: Plutarch, TheseusPlut. Tim.: Plutarch, TimoleonProp.: Sextus Propertius, ElegiesPs. Xen. Const. Ath.: Old Oligarch, Constitution of the AtheniansQuint. Inst. 1: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1Quint. Inst. 10: Quintilian, Institutio Or atoria, Book 10Quint. Inst. 11: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11Quint. Inst. 12: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12Quint. Inst. 2: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 2Quint. Inst. 3: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 3Quint. Inst. 4: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 4Quint. Inst. 5: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 5Quint. Inst. 6: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 6Quint. Inst. 7: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 7Quint. Inst. 8: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8Quint. Inst. 9: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9Quint. Inst. Pref.: Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, PrefaceSal. Cat.: Sallust, Catilinae ConiuratioSal. Hist.: Sallust, HistoriaeSal. Jug.: Sallust, Bellum IugurthinumSen. Ag.: Seneca, AgamemnonSen. Apoc.: Seneca, ApocolocyntosisSen. Ben.: Seneca, de BeneficiisSen. Brev. Vit.: Seneca, de Brevitate VitaeSen. Cl.: Seneca, de ClementiaSen. Cons. Helv.: Seneca, de consolatione ad HelviamSen. Cons. Marc.: Seneca, de consolatione ad MarciamSen. Cons. Polyb.: Seneca, de consolatione ad PolybiumSen. Cons. Sap.: Seneca, de ConstantiaSen. Const.: Seneca, de ConstantiaSen. Ep.: Seneca, EpistulaeSen. Her. F.: Seneca, Hercules FurensSen. Her. O.: Seneca, Hercules OetaeusSen. Ira: Seneca, de IraSen. Med.: Seneca, MedeaSen. Oct.: Seneca, OctaviaSen. Oed.: Seneca, OedipusSen. Ot. Sap.: Seneca, de Otio SapientisSen. Phaed.: Seneca, PhaedraSen. Phoen.: Seneca, PhoenissaeSen. Prov.: Seneca, de ProvidentiaSen. Thy.: Seneca, ThyestesSen. Tranq.: Seneca, de Tranquilitate AnimiSen. Tro.: Seneca, TroadesSen. Vit. Beat.: Seneca, de Vita BeataServ. A.: Servius, Commentary on the Aeneid of VergilSoph. Aj.: Sophocles, AjaxSoph. Ant.: Sophocles, AntigoneSoph. El.: Sophocles, ElectraSoph. Ich.: Sophocles, IchneutaeSoph. OC: Sophocles, Oedipus at ColonusSoph. OT: Sophocles, Oedipus TyrannusSoph. Phil.: Sophocles, PhiloctetesSoph. Trach.: Sophocles, TrachiniaeStrab.: Strabo, GeographySuet. Aug.: Suetonius, Divus AugustusSuet. Cal.: Suetonius, CaligulaSuet. Cl.: Suetonius, Divus ClaudiusSuet. Dom.: Suetonius, DomitianusSuet. Gal.: Suetonius, GalbaSuet. Jul.: Suetonius, Divus JuliusSuet. Nero: Suetonius, NeroSuet. Otho: Suetonius, OthoSuet. Tib.: Suetonius, TiberiusSuet. Tit.: Suetonius, Divus TitusSuet. Ves.: Suetonius, Divus VespasianusSuet. Vit.: Suetonius, VitelliusSulpicia: Sulpicia, PoemsTac. Ag.: Tacitus, AgricolaTac. Ann.: Tacitus, AnnalesTac. Dial.: Tacitus, DialogusTac. Ger.: Tacitus, GermaniaTac. Hist.: Tacitus, HistoriaeTer. Ad.: Terence, The BrothersTer. An.: Terence, AndriaTer. Eu.: Terence, The EunuchTer. Hau.: Terence, The Self-TormenterTer. Hec.: Terence, The Mother-in-LawTer. Ph.: Terence, PhormioTheoc.: Theocritus, IdyllsTheoc. Ep.: Theocritus, EpigramsTheoc. Id.: Theocritus, IdyllsThphr. Char.: Theophrastus, CharactersThuc.: Thucydides, HistoriesV. Fl.: C. Valerius Flaccus, ArgonauticaVerg. A.: Vergil, AeneidVerg. Ecl.: Vergil, EcloguesVerg. G.: Vergil, GeorgicsVitr.: Vitruvius, On Architectu reXen. Ages.: Xenophon, AgesilausXen. Anab.: Xenophon, AnabasisXen. Apol.: Xenophon, ApologyXen. Cav.: Xenophon, On the Cavalry CommanderXen. Const. Lac.: Xenophon, Constitution of the LacedaimoniansXen. Cyrop.: Xenophon, CyropaediaXen. Ec.: Xenophon, EconomicsXen. Hell.: Xenophon, HellenicaXen. Hiero: Xenophon, HieroXen. Horse.: Xenophon, On the Art of HorsemanshipXen. Hunt.: Xenophon, On HuntingXen. Mem.: Xenophon, MemorabiliaXen. Sym.: Xenophon, SymposiumXen. Ways: Xenophon, Ways and Means Source: Perseus.